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Die Bedienung erfolgt mittels Maus , Tastatur oder Touchscreen. Das System aus der Reihe Windows wurde am Das Update auf Version 8. Januar , mit dem Update 1 gibt Microsoft erweiterten Support, darunter auch Sicherheitsupdates , bis Januar Bei der Entwicklung von Windows 8 verfolgte Microsoft u.

Microsoft veranstaltete vom September bis zum Die Windows-Apps unterscheiden sich sowohl in ihrer Laufzeitumgebung als auch — zumindest teilweise — in der verwendeten API.

Die Zertifizierungsrichtlinien sehen des Weiteren vor, dass der Mainboard-Hersteller diese Option auf xSystemen optional, sprich abschaltbar machen kann. Dabei bewegt man die Maus in die jeweiligen Ecken und die Leisten werden eingeblendet.

So wurde z. Mozilla seinen Firefox -Browser und Google Chrome. Im Windows-Explorer werden vom Benutzer die gespeicherten Dokumente und Ordner navigiert, angelegt und gesichtet. Dem darin enthaltenen Dateisystem wird entsprechend ein Laufwerksbuchstabe zugewiesen. Das benutzerdefinierte Bild soll das Finden der Gesten erleichtern. Unter anderem werden laufende Anwendungen in Kategorien eingeordnet z. Systemprozesse, Modern-Anwendungen und Desktop-Anwendungen.

Wird dieser Stick an einen fremden Rechner angeschlossen, so kann Windows 8 auf diesem starten. Nach dem Herunterfahren kann der Stick abgezogen werden und es sollen keine Daten auf dem verwendeten Computer verbleiben. Entfernt man den Stick dagegen im laufenden Betrieb, so friert zwar das Betriebssystem ein, kann aber nach Wiedereinstecken ohne Absturz weiterarbeiten. Dies soll den Rechner beschleunigen. Das neue Betriebssystem besitzt mit dem Windows Defender einen integrierten Virenscanner.

In Kooperation mit dem Designstudio Pentagram wurde aus dem vorherigen Windows-Logo eine geometrische Form entwickelt, die gleichzeitig modern und klassisch wirken soll. Die Aktivierung geschieht automatisch bei einer bestehenden Onlineverbindung. Entsprechend der Bekanntgabe von Microsoft vom Windows 8 “Core” ist der Name der Standard-Edition.

Das Windows Media Center ist nicht enthalten, kann aber hinzugekauft werden. Das Windows Media Center ist nicht enthalten. Bis zum Januar konnte das Media Center kostenlos nachinstalliert werden, seit dem 1. Diese Version von Windows 8. Der Hersteller ist lediglich dazu verpflichtet, die Suchmaschine Bing als Standardsuchmaschine im Internet Explorer eingestellt zu lassen. Seit dem Update Windows 8. Januar gab Microsoft neue Verkaufszahlen bekannt, wonach bis dahin 60 Millionen WindowsLizenzen verkauft wurden.

Damit sei die Verkaufskurve vergleichbar zu Windows 7. Damit liegt Windows 8 etwa gleichauf mit Windows 7 nach einem halben Jahr. Allerdings verlangsamte sich der Verkauf zuletzt. Januar bis Im Oktober hatte Windows 8. Januar aufrecht, der erweiterte Support wird bis zum bis Januar laufen. Microsoft Windows 8. Oktober , in Mitteleuropa durch Zeitverschiebung schon am Auch kann der Zugriff auf die Charmbar in der oberen rechten Ecke des Bildschirms deaktiviert werden.

Third-party IMEs may also be installed if a user feels that the provided one is insufficient for their needs. Interface languages for the operating system are free for download, but some languages are limited to certain editions of Windows. Language Interface Packs LIPs are redistributable and may be downloaded from Microsoft’s Download Center and installed for any edition of Windows XP or later — they translate most, but not all, of the Windows interface, and require a certain base language the language which Windows originally shipped with.

This is used for most languages in emerging markets. Full Language Packs, which translates the complete operating system, are only available for specific editions of Windows Ultimate and Enterprise editions of Windows Vista and 7, and all editions of Windows 8, 8. They do not require a specific base language, and are commonly used for more popular languages such as French or Chinese.

These languages cannot be downloaded through the Download Center, but available as optional updates through the Windows Update service except Windows 8. The interface language of installed applications is not affected by changes in the Windows interface language. The availability of languages depends on the application developers themselves.

Windows 8 and Windows Server introduces a new Language Control Panel where both the interface and input languages can be simultaneously changed, and language packs, regardless of type, can be downloaded from a central location. The PC Settings app in Windows 8. Changing the interface language also changes the language of preinstalled Windows Store apps such as Mail, Maps and News and certain other Microsoft-developed apps such as Remote Desktop.

The above limitations for language packs are however still in effect, except that full language packs can be installed for any edition except Single Language, which caters to emerging markets. Windows NT included support for several platforms before the x86 -based personal computer became dominant in the professional world. Windows dropped support for all platforms, except the third generation x86 known as IA or newer in bit mode.

With the introduction of the Intel Itanium architecture IA , Microsoft released new versions of Windows to support it. Itanium versions of Windows XP and Windows Server were released at the same time as their mainstream x86 counterparts. Windows Server line continues to support this platform until Windows Server ; Windows Server R2 is the last Windows operating system to support Itanium architecture.

Windows 11 is the first version to drop support for bit hardware. Windows CE officially known as Windows Embedded Compact , is an edition of Windows that runs on minimalistic computers , like satellite navigation systems and some mobile phones. The OEMs and device makers can modify and create their own user interfaces and experiences, while Windows CE provides the technical foundation to do so.

Windows CE was the core from which Windows Mobile was derived. Windows Phone 8 however, is based on the same NT-kernel as Windows 8.

Xbox OS is an unofficial name given to the version of Windows that runs on Xbox consoles. Shortly after Windows was released, Microsoft switched to a fork of Perforce named Source Depot. In Microsoft announced that it would start using Git , an open source version control system created by Linus Torvalds and in May they reported that has completed migration into the Git repository. Because of its large, decades-long history, however, the Windows codebase is not especially well suited to the decentralized nature of Linux development that Git was originally created to manage.

Version market share As a percentage of desktop and laptop systems using Windows, [82] according to StatCounter data from July Use of Windows 10 has exceeded Windows 7 globally since early Including personal computers of all kinds e.

Those statistics do not include servers including so-called cloud computing , where Microsoft is known not to be a leader, with Linux used more than Windows , as Net Applications and StatCounter use web browsing as a proxy for all use. Consumer versions of Windows were originally designed for ease-of-use on a single-user PC without a network connection, and did not have security features built in from the outset. These design issues combined with programming errors e. In June , Bruce Schneier ‘s Counterpane Internet Security reported that it had seen over 1, new viruses and worms in the previous six months.

Microsoft releases security patches through its Windows Update service approximately once a month usually the second Tuesday of the month , although critical updates are made available at shorter intervals when necessary.

While the Windows 9x series offered the option of having profiles for multiple users, they had no concept of access privileges , and did not allow concurrent access; and so were not true multi-user operating systems.

In addition, they implemented only partial memory protection. They were accordingly widely criticised for lack of security. The Windows NT series of operating systems, by contrast, are true multi-user, and implement absolute memory protection. However, a lot of the advantages of being a true multi-user operating system were nullified by the fact that, prior to Windows Vista, the first user account created during the setup process was an administrator account, which was also the default for new accounts.

Though Windows XP did have limited accounts, the majority of home users did not change to an account type with fewer rights — partially due to the number of programs which unnecessarily required administrator rights — and so most home users ran as administrator all the time.

Windows Vista changes this [95] by introducing a privilege elevation system called User Account Control. When logging in as a standard user, a logon session is created and a token containing only the most basic privileges is assigned. In this way, the new logon session is incapable of making changes that would affect the entire system. When logging in as a user in the Administrators group, two separate tokens are assigned. The first token contains all privileges typically awarded to an administrator, and the second is a restricted token similar to what a standard user would receive.

User applications, including the Windows shell , are then started with the restricted token, resulting in a reduced privilege environment even under an Administrator account. When an application requests higher privileges or “Run as administrator” is clicked, UAC will prompt for confirmation and, if consent is given including administrator credentials if the account requesting the elevation is not a member of the administrators group , start the process using the unrestricted token.

Leaked documents published by WikiLeaks , codenamed Vault 7 and dated from to , detail the capabilities of the CIA to perform electronic surveillance and cyber warfare, [97] such as the ability to compromise operating systems such as Windows. In August , computer experts reported that the BlueKeep security vulnerability , CVE – , that potentially affects older unpatched Windows versions via the program’s Remote Desktop Protocol , allowing for the possibility of remote code execution , may now include related flaws, collectively named DejaBlue , affecting newer Windows versions i.

These global groups then hold other groups or users depending on different Windows versions used. This system varies from other vendor products such as Linux and NetWare due to the ‘static’ allocation of permission being applied directly to the file or folder.

Owing to the operating system’s popularity, a number of applications have been released that aim to provide compatibility with Windows applications, either as a compatibility layer for another operating system, or as a standalone system that can run software written for Windows out of the box. These include:. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Family of computer operating systems developed by Microsoft.

For the part of a building, see Window. For other uses, see Windows disambiguation. This article relies too much on references to primary sources. Please improve this by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Closed-source Source-available through Shared Source Initiative. Main article: History of Microsoft Windows. See also: List of Microsoft Windows versions. Main articles: Windows 1. Main articles: Windows 3.

Main article: Windows NT. Main articles: Windows NT 3. Main article: Windows XP. Main article: Windows Vista. Main article: Windows 7. Main articles: Windows 8 and Windows 8. Main article: Windows See also: Azure Virtual Desktop. Main article: Xbox system software. Table of Windows versions. Old version. Older version, still maintained.

Latest version. Latest preview version. Future release. Windows timeline: Bar chart. Main article: Usage share of operating systems. This box: view talk edit. This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. May Microsoft Support. August 9, Windows Insider Blog. July 28, August 2, August 3, Archived from the original on March 30, Retrieved April 5, Retrieved April 22, StatCounter Global Stats.

Retrieved January 5, Archived from the original on August 21, Retrieved May 16, Retrieved July 26, The client versions of Windows however did not adopt a consistent style. First, they received names with arbitrary alphanumeric suffixes as with Windows ME 4. Then, once again Microsoft adopted incremental numbers in the title, but this time, they were not versioning numbers; the version numbers of Windows 7 , Windows 8 and Windows 8.

In Windows 10 , the version number leaped to The successor of Windows 10, Windows 11 , was released on October 5, Despite being named “11”, the new Windows release didn’t bump its major version number to Instead, it stayed at the same version number of Some software producers use different schemes to denote releases of their software.

BLAG Linux and GNU features very large version numbers: major releases have numbers such as and , while minor releases increase the number by 1 e. Alpha and beta releases are given decimal version numbers slightly less than the major release number, such as Starting at in , the most recent version as of [update] is Urbit uses Kelvin versioning named after the absolute Kelvin temperature scale : software versions start at a high number and count down to version 0, at which point the software is considered finished and no further modifications are made.

Software may have an “internal” version number which differs from the version number shown in the product name and which typically follows version numbering rules more consistently. Java SE 5. Note, however, that Windows NT is only on its fifth major revision, as its first release was numbered 3. In conjunction with the various versioning schemes listed above, a system for denoting pre-release versions is generally used, as the program makes its way through the stages of the software release life cycle.

Programs that are in an early stage are often called “alpha” software, after the first letter in the Greek alphabet.

After they mature but are not yet ready for release, they may be called “beta” software, after the second letter in the Greek alphabet. Generally alpha software is tested by developers only, while beta software is distributed for community testing. Some systems use numerical versions less than 1 such as 0. This is a common convention in open source software. So the alpha version of the 2. An alternative is to refer to pre-release versions as “release candidates”, so that software packages which are soon to be released as a particular version may carry that version tag followed by “rc- “, indicating the number of the release candidate; when the final version is released, the “rc” tag is removed.

A software release train is a form of software release schedule in which a number of distinct series of versioned software releases for multiple products are released as a number of different “trains” on a regular schedule.

Generally, for each product line, a number of different release trains are running at a given time, with each train moving from initial release to eventual maturity and retirement on a planned schedule.

Users may experiment with a newer release train before adopting it for production, allowing them to experiment with newer, “raw”, releases early, while continuing to follow the previous train’s point releases for their production systems prior to moving to the new release train as it becomes mature.

Cisco’s IOS software platform used a release train schedule with many distinct trains for many years. More recently, a number of other platforms including Firefox and Fenix for Android, [37] Eclipse , [38] LibreOffice , [39] Ubuntu , [40] Fedora, [41] Python, [42] digiKam [43] and VMware [44] have adopted the release train model. Between the 1. For example, Linux 2. After the minor version number in the Linux kernel is the release number, in ascending order; for example, Linux 2.

Since the release of the 2. The same odd-even system is used by some other software with long release cycles, such as Node. Sun’s Java has at times had a hybrid system, where the internal version number has always been 1. Sun also dropped the first digit for Solaris, where Solaris 2. A similar jump took place with the Asterisk open-source PBX construction kit in the early s, whose project leads announced that the current version 1.

This approach, panned by many because it breaks the semantic significance of the sections of the version number, has been adopted by an increasing number of vendors including Mozilla for Firefox. Version numbers very quickly evolve from simple integers 1, 2, These complex version numbers are therefore better treated as character strings. Operating systems that include package management facilities such as all non-trivial Linux or BSD distributions will use a distribution-specific algorithm for comparing version numbers of different software packages.

For example, the ordering algorithms of Red Hat and derived distributions differ to those of the Debian-like distributions. As an example of surprising version number ordering implementation behavior, in Debian, leading zeroes are ignored in chunks, so that 5.

This can confuse users; string-matching tools may fail to find a given version number; and this can cause subtle bugs in package management if the programmers use string-indexed data structures such as version-number indexed hash tables. To ease sorting, some software packages represent each component of the major.

Perl represents its version numbers as a floating-point number; for example, Perl’s 5. This allows a theoretical version of 5. Other software packages pack each segment into a fixed bit width; for example, on Microsoft Windows, version number 6. The floating-point scheme breaks down if any segment of the version number exceeds ; a packed-binary scheme employing 16 bits apiece breaks down after The free-software and open source communities tend to release software early and often.

Initial versions are numbers less than 1, with these 0. Backward-incompatible changes are common with 0. Version 1. The developers of the arcade game emulator MAME do not ever intend to release a version 1. Accordingly, version 0. Since the internet has become widespread, most commercial software vendors no longer follow the maxim that a major version should be “complete” and instead rely on patches with bugfixes to sort out the known issues which a solution has been found for and could be fixed.

A relatively common practice is to make major jumps in version numbers for marketing reasons. The export domain must have a status of Active. Select the Collapse Snapshots check box to remove snapshot restore points and include templates in template-based virtual machines. Click the virtual machine to be imported and click the Disks sub-tab. From this tab, you can use the Allocation Policy and Storage Domain drop-down lists to select whether the disk used by the virtual machine will be thinly provisioned or preallocated, and can also select the storage domain on which the disk will be stored.

An icon is also displayed to indicate which of the disks to be imported acts as the boot disk for that virtual machine. The Import Virtual Machine Conflict window opens if the virtual machine exists in the virtualized environment. Import as cloned and enter a unique name for the virtual machine in the New Name field. Optionally select the Apply to all check box to import all duplicated virtual machines with the same suffix, and then enter a suffix in the Suffix to add to the cloned VMs field.

During a single import operation, you can only import virtual machines that share the same architecture. If any of the virtual machines to be imported have a different architecture to that of the other virtual machines to be imported, a warning will display and you will be prompted to change your selection so that only virtual machines with the same architecture will be imported.

If you are importing a virtual machine from an imported data storage domain, the imported storage domain must be attached to a data center and activated.

For each virtual machine in the Import Virtual Machine s window, ensure the correct target cluster is selected in the Cluster list. Map external virtual machine vNIC profiles to profiles that are present on the target cluster s :. If multiple target clusters are selected in the Import Virtual Machine s window, select each target cluster in the Target Cluster drop-down list and ensure the mappings are correct. If a MAC address conflict is detected, an exclamation mark appears next to the name of the virtual machine.

Mouse over the icon to view a tooltip displaying the type of error that occurred. Alternatively, you can select the Reassign check box per virtual machine. If there are no available addresses to assign, the import operation will fail. The imported virtual machines no longer appear in the list under the VM Import tab. Import virtual machines from a VMware vCenter provider to your oVirt environment. You can import from a VMware provider by entering its details in the Import Virtual Machine s window during each import operation, or you can add the VMware provider as an external provider, and select the preconfigured provider during import operations.

The virt-v2v package is not available on the ppc64le architecture and these hosts cannot be used as proxy hosts. The virt-v2v package must be installed on at least one host, referred to in this procedure as the proxy host. Local storage is not supported. This image includes the guest tools that are required for migrating Windows virtual machines. The virtual machine must be shut down before being imported.

Starting the virtual machine through VMware during the import process can result in data corruption. An import operation can only include virtual machines that share the same architecture. If any virtual machine to be imported has a different architecture, a warning appears and you are prompted to change your selection to include only virtual machines with the same architecture.

Click More Actions and select Import. This opens the Import Virtual Machine s window. If you have configured a VMware provider as an external provider, select it from the External Provider list.

Verify that the provider credentials are correct. If you did not specify a destination data center or proxy host when configuring the external provider, select those options now. If you have not configured a VMware provider, or want to import from a new VMware provider, provide the following details:. Select from the list the Data Center in which the virtual machine will be available. Enter the IP address or fully qualified domain name of the host from which the virtual machines will be imported in the ESXi field.

Enter the name of the data center and the cluster in which the specified ESXi host resides in the Data Center field. If not, clear the option. The user must have access to the VMware data center and ESXi host on which the virtual machines reside.

Select a host in the chosen data center with virt-v2v installed to serve as the Proxy Host during virtual machine import operations. This host must also be able to connect to the network of the VMware vCenter external provider. Click Load to list the virtual machines on the VMware provider that can be imported. Select one or more virtual machines from the Virtual Machines on Source list, and use the arrows to move them to the Virtual Machines to Import list.

Click Next. If required, you can change the driver type to VirtIO manually after the import. To change the driver type after a virtual machine has been imported, see Editing network interfaces. If the network device uses driver types other than e or rtl, the driver type is changed to VirtIO automatically during the import.

The Attach VirtIO-drivers option allows the VirtIO drivers to be injected to the imported virtual machine files so that when the driver is changed to VirtIO, the device will be properly detected by the operating system.

Select the Clone check box to change the virtual machine name and MAC addresses, and clone all disks, removing all snapshots. If a virtual machine appears with a warning symbol beside its name or has a tick in the VM in System column, you must clone the virtual machine and change its name.

Click each virtual machine to be imported and click the Disks sub-tab. Use the Allocation Policy and Storage Domain lists to select whether the disk used by the virtual machine will be thinly provisioned or preallocated, and select the storage domain on which the disk will be stored. If you selected the Clone check box, change the name of the virtual machine in the General sub-tab. Click Compute Clusters. You can export a virtual machine to a specific path or mounted NFS shared storage on a host in the oVirt data center.

Enter the absolute path to the export directory in the Directory field, including the trailing slash. You can import the file from any oVirt Node in the data center. The import process uses virt-v2v. Only virtual machines running operating systems compatible with virt-v2v can be successfully imported.

Ensure that it has sufficient space. Select the virtual machine from the Virtual Machines on Source list, and use the arrows to move it to the Virtual Machines to Import list. Select the virtual machine, and on the General tab select the Operating System. Import virtual machines from Xen on Enterprise Linux 5 to your oVirt environment.

The virt-v2v package must be installed on at least one host referred to in this procedure as the proxy host. Enterprise Linux hosts must be Enterprise Linux 7. If the drivers are not installed, the virtual machine may not boot after import. If you are not using VirtIO drivers, review the configuration of the virutal machine before first boot to ensure that VirtIO devices are not being used. Shut down the virtual machine. Starting the virtual machine through Xen during the import process can result in data corruption.

Due to current limitations, Xen virtual machines with block devices do not appear in the Virtual Machines on Source list. They must be imported manually. The target storage domain must be a file-based domain. Due to current limitations, specifying a block-based domain causes the V2V operation to fail.

If a virtual machine appears with a warning symbol beside its name, or has a tick in the VM in System column, select the Clone check box to clone the virtual machine.

Cloning a virtual machine changes its name and MAC addresses and clones all of its disks, removing all snapshots. Attach an export domain. Import the virtual machine into the destination data domain. See Importing the virtual machine from the export domain for details. Import virtual machines from KVM to your oVirt environment. You must enable public key authentication between the KVM host and at least one host in the destination data center this host is referred to in the following procedure as the proxy host.

Starting the virtual machine through KVM during the import process can result in data corruption. Optionally, select the Collapse Snapshots check box to remove snapshot restore points and include templates in template-based virtual machines. Optionally, select the Clone check box to change the virtual machine name and MAC addresses, and clone all disks, removing all snapshots.

Use the Allocation Policy and Storage Domain lists to select whether the disk used by the virtual machine will be thin provisioned or preallocated, and select the storage domain on which the disk will be stored.

If you selected the Clone check box, change the name of the virtual machine in the General tab. This image is a virtual machine snapshot with a preconfigured instance of Enterprise Linux installed. You can configure this image with the cloud-init tool, and use it to provision new virtual machines. This eliminates the need to install and configure the operating system and provides virtual machines that are ready for use. Create a new virtual machine and attach the uploaded disk image to it.

See Creating a Linux virtual machine. Optionally, use cloud-init to configure the virtual machine. Optionally, create a template from the virtual machine. You can generate new virtual machines from this template.

See Templates for information about creating templates and generating virtual machines from templates. Live migration provides the ability to move a running virtual machine between physical hosts with no interruption to service. The virtual machine remains powered on and user applications continue to run while the virtual machine is relocated to a new physical host. Storage and network connectivity are not altered.

You can use live migration to seamlessly move virtual machines to support a number of common maintenance tasks. Your oVirt environment must be correctly configured to support live migration well in advance of using it. At a minimum, the following prerequisites must be met to enable successful live migration of virtual machines:.

The source and destination hosts are members of the same cluster, ensuring CPU compatibility between them. The source and destination hosts have access to the data storage domain on which the virtual machine resides. Live migration is performed using the management network and involves transferring large amounts of data between hosts.

Concurrent migrations have the potential to saturate the management network. For best performance, create separate logical networks for management, storage, display, and virtual machine data to minimize the risk of network saturation. Add both vNICs as slaves under an active-backup bond on the virtual machine, with the passthrough vNIC as the primary interface.

The following steps are provided only as a Technology Preview. Hotplug a network interface with the failover vNIC profile you created into the virtual machine, or start a virtual machine with this network interface plugged in. The virtual machine has three network interfaces: a controller interface and two secondary interfaces. The controller interface must be active and connected in order for migration to succeed. For automatic deployment of virtual machines with this configuration, use the following udev rule:.

This udev rule works only on systems that manage interfaces with NetworkManager. This rule ensures that only the controller interface is activated. Live virtual machine migration can be a resource-intensive operation. To optimize live migration, you can set the following two options globally for every virtual machine in an environment, for every virtual machine in a cluster, or for an individual virtual machine.

The Auto Converge migrations and Enable migration compression options are available for cluster levels 4. For cluster levels 4. You can change these parameters when adding a new migration policy, or by modifying the MigrationPolicies configuration value. The Auto Converge migrations option allows you to set whether auto-convergence is used during live migration of virtual machines.

Large virtual machines with high workloads can dirty memory more quickly than the transfer rate achieved during live migration, and prevent the migration from converging. Auto-convergence capabilities in QEMU allow you to force convergence of virtual machine migrations. The Enable migration compression option allows you to set whether migration compression is used during live migration of the virtual machine. This feature uses Xor Binary Zero Run-Length-Encoding to reduce virtual machine downtime and total live migration time for virtual machines running memory write-intensive workloads or for any application with a sparse memory update pattern.

Click Compute Clusters and select a cluster. All files or symbolic links in that directory will be executed. The executing user on Linux systems is ovirtagent. If the script needs root permissions, the elevation must be executed by the creator of the hook script. The destination host for each virtual machine is assessed as the virtual machine is migrated, in order to spread the load across the cluster.

From version 4. The Engine automatically initiates live migration of virtual machines in order to maintain load-balancing or power-saving levels in line with scheduling policy. Specify the scheduling policy that best suits the needs of your environment. You can also disable automatic, or even manual, live migration of specific virtual machines where required. However, this can be changed to Allow Manual and Automatic mode if required. Special care should be taken when changing the default migration setting so that it does not result in a virtual machine migrating to a host that does not support high performance or pinning.

You can also disable manual migration of virtual machines by setting the virtual machine to run only on a specific host. The ability to disable automatic migration and require a virtual machine to run on a particular host is useful when using application high availability products, such as Red Hat High Availability or Cluster Suite. Explicitly assigning a virtual machine to a specific host and disabling migration are mutually exclusive with oVirt high availability.

If the virtual machine has host devices directly attached to it, and a different host is specified, the host devices from the previous host will be automatically removed from the virtual machine. Select Allow manual migration only or Do not allow migration from the Migration Options drop-down list.

A running virtual machine can be live migrated to any host within its designated host cluster. Live migration of virtual machines does not cause any service interruption.

Migrating virtual machines to a different host is especially useful if the load on a particular host is too high. For live migration prerequisites, see Live migration prerequisites. Select Select Host Automatically so that the virtual machine migrates to the host that offers the best performance. When you place a host into maintenance mode, the virtual machines running on that host are automatically migrated to other hosts in the same cluster.

You do not need to manually migrate these virtual machines. Use the radio buttons to select whether to Select Host Automatically or to Select Destination Host , specifying the host using the drop-down list. When the Select Host Automatically option is selected, the system determines the host to which the virtual machine is migrated according to the load balancing and power management rules set up in the scheduling policy.

During migration, progress is shown in the Migration progress bar. Once migration is complete the Host column will update to display the host the virtual machine has been migrated to. The load balancing process runs every minute. Hosts already involved in a migration event are not included in the migration cycle until their migration event has completed. When there is a migration request in the queue and available hosts in the cluster to action it, a migration event is triggered in line with the load balancing policy for the cluster.

You can influence the ordering of the migration queue by setting the priority of each virtual machine; for example, setting mission critical virtual machines to migrate before others. Migrations will be ordered by priority; virtual machines with the highest priority will be migrated first. A virtual machine migration is taking longer than you expected. Select the migrating virtual machine. It is displayed in Compute Virtual Machines with a status of Migrating from.

Click More Actions , then click Cancel Migration. When a virtual server is automatically migrated because of the high availability function, the details of an automatic migration are documented in the Events tab and in the engine log to aid in troubleshooting, as illustrated in the following examples:.

Failed to start Highly Available VM. Attempting to restart. High availability is recommended for virtual machines running critical workloads. A highly available virtual machine is automatically restarted, either on its original host or another host in the cluster, if its process is interrupted, such as in the following scenarios:.

A highly available virtual machine is not restarted if it is shut down cleanly, such as in the following scenarios:. With storage domains V4 or later, virtual machines have the additional capability to acquire a lease on a special volume on the storage, enabling a virtual machine to start on another host even if the original host loses power.

The functionality also prevents the virtual machine from being started on two different hosts, which may lead to corruption of the virtual machine disks. With high availability, interruption to service is minimal because virtual machines are restarted within seconds with no user intervention required. High availability keeps your resources balanced by restarting guests on a host with low current resource utilization, or based on any workload balancing or power saving policies that you configure.

This ensures that there is sufficient capacity to restart virtual machines at all times. You can define how the host handles highly available virtual machines after the connection with the storage domain is reestablished; they can either be resumed, ungracefully shut down, or remain paused.

For more information about these options, see Virtual Machine High Availability settings explained. A highly available host requires a power management device and fencing parameters. In addition, for a virtual machine to be highly available when its host becomes non-operational, it needs to be started on another available host in the cluster.

To enable the migration of highly available virtual machines:. The host running the highly available virtual machine must be part of a cluster which has other available hosts. The source and destination host must have access to the data domain on which the virtual machine resides. Select the Highly Available check box to enable high availability for the virtual machine. See What is high availability for more information about virtual machine leases. If you defined a virtual machine lease, KILL is the only option available.

For more information see Virtual Machine High Availability settings explained. Ensure the secondary drop-down menu is set to True. SPICE is a remote display protocol designed for virtual environments, which enables you to view a virtualized desktop or server. Using SPICE on a Linux machine significantly improves the movement of the mouse cursor on the console of the virtual machine.

Earlier versions are not supported. Typically, this is most useful for virtual machines where the user requires the use of the graphical user interface. System administrators who are creating virtual servers may prefer not to configure SPICE if their use of the graphical user interface is minimal. You can configure QXL drivers using either a graphical interface or the command line. Perform only one of the following procedures.

Virtualization poses various challenges for virtual machine time keeping. Virtual machines running without accurate timekeeping can have serious affects on some networked applications as your virtual machine will run faster or slower than the actual time. KVM works around this issue by providing virtual machines with a paravirtualized clock.

Presently, only Enterprise Linux 5. Clocks can fall out of synchronization with the actual time which invalidates sessions and affects networks. Enable the ntpd service and add it to the default startup sequence:.

The NTP servers you are trying to use must be operational and accessible to your hosts and virtual machines. If no output is given follow the instructions below. Systems without constant time stamp counters require additional configuration.

Power management features interfere with accurate time keeping and must be disabled for virtual machines to accurately keep time with KVM. Each system has several timers it uses to keep time.

The TSC is not stable on the host, which is sometimes caused by cpufreq changes, deep C state, or migration to a host with a faster TSC. Deep C sleep states can stop the TSC.

Using the engine-config tool to receive alerts when hosts drift out of sync. You can use the engine-config tool to configure alerts when your hosts drift out of sync. EnableHostTimeDrift , with a default value of false, can be enabled to receive alert notifications of host time drift. The HostTimeDriftInSec parameter is used to set the maximum allowable drift before alerts start being sent. For certain Enterprise Linux virtual machines, additional kernel parameters are required.

The process of configuring kernel parameters can be automated using the ktune package. When run as the superuser, this script inspects various system parameters to determine if the virtual machine on which it is run is susceptible to clock drift under load.

If so, it then creates a new grub. This file contains a kernel boot line with additional kernel parameters that allow the kernel to account for and prevent significant clock drift on the KVM virtual machine. The table below lists versions of Enterprise Linux and the parameters required for virtual machines on systems without a constant Time Stamp Counter.

Trusted Platform Module TPM devices provide a secure crypto-processor designed to carry out cryptographic operations such as generating cryptographic keys, random numbers, and hashes, or for storing data that can be used to verify software configurations securely.

TPM devices are commonly used for disk encryption. While the Engine retrieves and stores TPM data periodically, there is no guarantee that the Engine will always have the latest version of the TPM data. This process can take seconds or more, and you must wait for the process to complete before you can take snapshot of a running virtual machine, clone a running virtual machine, or migrate a running virtual machine.

A template is a copy of a virtual machine that you can use to simplify the subsequent, repeated creation of similar virtual machines.

Templates capture the configuration of software, configuration of hardware, and the software installed on the virtual machine on which the template is based. The virtual machine on which a template is based is known as the source virtual machine. This read-only disk becomes the base disk image of the new template, and of any virtual machines created based on the template.

As such, the template cannot be deleted while any virtual machines created based on the template exist in the environment. Virtual machines created based on a template use the same NIC type and driver as the original virtual machine, but are assigned separate, unique MAC addresses. You can create a virtual machine directly from Compute Templates , as well as from Compute Virtual Machines. For more information on selecting the settings and controls for the new virtual machine see Virtual Machine General settings explained.

This section describes procedures for sealing Linux and Windows virtual machines. Sealing is the process of removing all system-specific details from a virtual machine before creating a template based on that virtual machine. Sealing is necessary to prevent the same details from appearing on multiple virtual machines created based on the same template. It is also necessary to ensure the functionality of other features, such as predictable vNIC order. To seal a Linux virtual machine during the template creation process, select the Seal Template check box in the New Template window.

In RHV 4. You cannot seal a RHEL 8 virtual machine if you have set its cluster level to 4. A template created for Windows virtual machines must be generalized sealed before being used to deploy virtual machines. This ensures that machine-specific settings are not reproduced in the template. Sysprep is used to seal Windows templates before use. Sysprep generates a complete unattended installation answer file. These files act as templates for Sysprep. The fields in these files can be copied, pasted, and altered as required.

This definition will override any values entered into the Initial Run fields of the Edit Virtual Machine window. The Sysprep file can be edited to affect various aspects of the Windows virtual machines created from the template that the Sysprep file is attached to. These include the provisioning of Windows, setting up the required domain membership, configuring the hostname, and setting the security policy.

The last file will have precedence and override any other previous file. Seal a Windows 7, Windows , or Windows virtual machine before creating a template to use to deploy virtual machines. Click OK to complete the sealing process; the virtual machine shuts down automatically upon completion. The Windows 7, Windows , or Windows virtual machine is sealed and ready to create a template to use for deploying virtual machines.

Create a template from an existing virtual machine to use as a blueprint for creating additional virtual machines. Click Compute Virtual Machines and select the source virtual machine. Click More Actions , then click Make Template. Enter a Name , Description , and Comment for the template.

Select the cluster with which to associate the template from the Cluster drop-down list.

 
 

 

Windows server 2012 r2 standard build 9600 product key free.Microsoft Windows 8

 

Windows Server is the sixth version of the Windows Server operating system by Microsoft, as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems.

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